Английский язык. Устные темы и задания по развитию речи (стр. 18 )

Aspect

Reason for rejection

Topic

irrelevant topic or topic of local interest only

Newness

papers offers nothing new

Focus

topic, objectives and conclusions are not connected

Methodological

steps

unclear and misleading argumentation

weak methodology or results

Style

unclear, unfocused and incoherent text

Data Quality

flawed design, insignificant sample number, preliminary findings only

Research article style

Main functions

Preferred style

Rules

Title

- indicates content and main

discoveries;

- attracts the reader's attention;

- short and simple (7-10 words);

- purposive (aims at specific audience);

- avoid complex grammar;

- make it catchy!

- avoid redundancy ("An investigation of... ", "The analysis of... ", "Effect of... ", "Influence of...", "New method...);

Abstract

- reflects the main 'story' of the RA;

- calls attention but avoids extra explanations;

- past (perfect) tense and passive voice(!)

- short and concise

sentences;

- no citations, tables,

equations, graphs etc.

- avoid introducing the topic;

- explain: what was done, what was found and what are the main

conclusions;

-bring summary 'numbers';

Introduction

- introduces the topic and defines the terminology;

- relates to the existing

research;

- indicated the focus of the paper and research objectives;

- simple tense for referring to established knowledge or past tense for literature review;

- use the state-of-the-art references;

- follow the logical moves;

- define your terminology to avoid confusion;

Methodology

- provides enough detail for competent researchers to repeat the experiment;

- who, what, when, where, how and why?

- past tense but active

voice(!);

- correct and internationally

recognized style and format (units, variables, materials etc.);

- mention everything you did that can make importance to the results;

- don't cover your traces ("some data was ignored"), establish an authors voice ("we decided to ignored this data");

- if a technique is familiar, only use its name (don't re-explain);

- use simple example to explain complex methodology;

Results

- gives summary results in graphics and numbers;

- compares different

“treatments”;

- gives quantified proofs

(statistical tests);

- past tense;

- use tables and graphs and other illustrations;

- present summary data related to the RA objectives and not all research results;

- give more emphasise on what should be emphasized;

- call attention to the most significant findings;

- make clear separation between your and others work;

Conclusions

and

Discussion

- answers research

questions/objectives;

- explains discrepancies and unexpected findings;

- states importance of

discoveries and future

implications;

- simple or present tense (past tense if it is related to results);

- allows scientific

speculations (if necessary);

- do not recapitulate results but make statements;

- make strong statements (avoid "It may be concluded... " style);

- do not hide unexpected results – they can be the most important;

References

- gives list of related literature and information sources.

- depends on journal but authors/editors, year and title must be included.

- always cite the most accessible references;

- cite primary source rather than review papers.