Английский язык. Устные темы и задания по развитию речи (стр. 12 )

VI.  Find pairs of synonyms. Translate them into Russian.

VII.  Translate the sentences into Russian.

1.  Health care in Belarus is supervised by the Ministry of Health.

2.  The primary aim of the state health care policy is to create conditions for every person to exercise his/her right to health protection.

3.  District doctors give consultations to ambulant patients during the patients' visits to the polyclinic.

4.  Pregnant women are kept under observation by the doctor of the maternity consultation centre.

5.  The Republican Scientific and Practical Centre «Mother and Child» renders gynecological aid to women with different gynecological diseases.

6.  Thanks to prophylactic vaccination such a disease as cholera has been eradicated.

7.  During the past 10 years the infant mortality rate decreased 3-fold (up to 3.4 per 1,000 live births in 2012).

8.  There is a positive tendency to an increase in life expectancy (71.4 years in 2012).

9.  Inpatient treatment is provided by district and regional hospitals.

10.  A sick person may receive treatment at various medical institutions.

11.  Patient Ivanov was referred to radiology department to have his X-ray done.

12.  Achievements of the health care system of Belarus have been recognized by the World Health Organization as the highest ones among the CIS countries.

13.  National Programme of Demographic Security of the Republic of Belarus for 2011–2015 is aimed at health promotion, reduction of morbidity and mortality.

14.  High-tech medical services are rendered at the national level.

15.  The country ensures sanitary-epidemic well-being (безопасность) of the population.

IV. Read and translate the words with the same root.

1)  to prevent, prevention, preventive; 2) to protect, protection, protective; 3) to detect, detection, detective; 4) to diagnose, diagnosis, diagnostic; 5) science, scientist, scientific; 6) to cure, curative; 7) to treat, treating, treatment; 8) to emerge, emergent, emergency; 9) preserve, preservation; 10) to equip, equipment; 11) to practise, practice, practical, practitioner; 12) to serve, service.

V. Insert the missing preposition.

1. Each pregnant woman is guaranteed free medical observation … the maternity consultation center.

2. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus guarantees the right … health protection to all citizens.

3. Medical research is concerned … the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and oncological diseases, as well as HIV and ТВ.

4. The work of medical institutions is supervised … the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus.

5. Rural health institutions provide people … routine health checks, maternity care, immunization, first aid, and treatment of minor injuries.

6. State health care policy of the Republic of Belarus is aimed … creating conditions for every person to exercise his/her right to health protection.

7. Special attention is paid … prophylaxis of diseases.

8. More complex cases can be referred … the regional hospital.

VI. Read and translate the text.

Health Care System in the republic of Belarus

1.  Priorities of the state health care policy

Health care in Belarus is supervised by the Ministry of Health. All citizens in Belarus have the right to free health care in state-funded institutions. The private health care sector amounts to about 7.0%.

The primary aim of the state health care policy of the Republic of Belarus is to create conditions for every person to exercise his/her right to health protection.

The prevention of diseases and extension of the life-span are the major principles of our health service. In 2012 the life-expectancy of Belarusian people averaged 66.6 years for men and 76.6 years for women. The mortality rate was 13.3 per 1,000 people.

The most distinctive feature of health care system in Belarus is the attention paid to prophylaxis. One of the main tasks in the fight against various diseases is the early detection of the first signs of disease.

Special attention is paid to the maternity and childhood protection. Free medical observation at the health care institutions, inpatient treatment during and after childbirth, as well as medical care and observation of the newborns are guaranteed to each pregnant woman.

2.  Structure of the health care system

In 2012 about 46 760 health workers with higher education and 112 992 nursing staff provided medical services to the citizens in hospitals, polyclinics and other medical institutions.

The primary medical care in Belarus is provided by polyclinics. Belarus has 511 outpatient clinics, 372 of which are rural polyclinics. The polyclinic provides routine health checks, health education, immunization, sickness certification, home visits, antenatal and obstetric care.  Most standard polyclinics have a range of specialists, which includes cardiologists, gastroenterologists and oncologists. Polyclinics have their own laboratories, X-ray, physio­therapy and surgical departments.

There are polyclinics for the adult population of a given area and polyclinics for children. Ambulant pa­tients are seen at the polyclinic by district doctors. Patients who are seriously ill are visited by their district doctor at home. District doctors are on call part of their working day.

The emergency ambulance service operates day and night and is free of charge. In case of an emergency condition one has to dial 103 for a doctor to come. The ambulances are equipped with diagnostic, respiratory, and anaesthetic apparatus, as well as blood transfusion and other devices, which enable the doctor to give emergency surgical and medical treatment.

Secondary care is organized on a territorial basis, with a designated hospital serving each district and region. The country has 834 hospitals providing over 125,000 beds. District hospitals provide common services, such as general medicine and surgery, obstetrics and a wide range of specialties. More complex cases can be referred to the regional hospital where a fuller range of specialties are offered.

Health resort treatment is a part of a medical rehabilitation system. There are over 100 health resorts in the country. They specialize in different spheres and provide the whole range of modern physiatrists’ services. Annually over 1.3 million persons visit for recreation and medical treatment. Every year Belarusian health resorts and rehabilitation centers offer their services to over 170 thousand foreigners, with 95 percent of them being from Russia and the Baltic States.

3.  Fields of medical research

Belarus has many national research and practical centers, each representing a complex of multifunctional departments. There are now 16 specialized centers in Belarus for the treatment of particular diseases: “Cardiology”, “Mother and Child”, “Pediatric Oncology and Hematology”, “Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology”, and others. They provide a close link between research and practice.

As for scientific problems, medical research is concerned with the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular, and oncological diseases, as well as HIV and ТВ. Medical scientists are doing research into the problems of Neurosurgery, Traumatology, Cardiac Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology and the development of artificial knee joints. Transplantology develops successfully as well. High-tech methods and technology for rendering medical care, applied in our country, are in line with international standards.

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