1. In certain countries, importing drugs is a capital offence. 2. There are a few methods of identifying a suspect. 3. Perhaps the most recent crime of all is hacking into computers to access information that helps competitors in industry. 4. They were talking very loudly. I couldn’t help overhearing them. 5. If you take this exam without studying, you are likely to fail. 6. He tried to avoid answering my questions. 7. She wrote to the press with the aim of exposing the scandal. 8. Speaking in court before the jury requires special skills. 9. Some psychologists feel that football hooligans enjoy fighting and rioting. 10. The public can help the police by reporting at once anything that seems suspicious. 11. Three students were suspected of cheating in the examination. 12. Having productive informants is essential in many criminal cases.
Exercise 5. Определите форму герундия и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The police suspected the man of being an offender. 2. Instead of being placed in jail the accused was released on bail. 3. I remember having read the Act about holding offenders in custody. 4. The safe showed no signs of having been touched. 5. One of the aspects of punishment implies that an offender must be afraid of being punished. 6. One of the main duties of the police is to prevent delinquents from becoming criminals. 7. The police suspect him of having been prosecuted before. 8. The man was accused of having violated the traffic rules. 9. After being indicted for his part in a bank robbery, the reputed gangster decided to find another attorney. 10. The witness insisted on having seen the criminal quite clearly. 11. With few exceptions (e. g. in capital cases) the individual has the right of being released on bail. 12. I was ashamed of having lied to her.
Exercise 6. Раскройте скобки, выбирая правильный вариант. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The gang was on trial for (having robbed / having been robbed) a mail train. 2. The client insisted on (informing / being informed) about all the details. 3. He was offered the job after (having interviewed / having been interviewed). 4. His wife gave him an alibi by (saying / being said) that he was at home on the night of robbery. 5. They accused him of (having violated / having been violated) the oath. 6. The boss hates (interrupting / being interrupted) by someone. 7. The lawyer accused the client of (having lied / having been lied) to him. 8. At the police station, he admitted (stealing / being stolen) the woman’s money but denied (hitting / being hit) her. 9. I came here with the aim of (resolving / having resolved) our dispute. 10. Barristers specialize in (representing / being represented) clients in courts.
3.2 ГЕРУНДИАЛЬНЫЙ ОБОРОТ
(Gerundial Construction)
Сочетание герундия с предшествующим ему существительным или местоимением называется герундиальным оборотом. Существительное может быть в притяжательном (the policeman’s) или общем падеже (the investigation), местоимение может быть притяжательным (my, your, his, our, etc.) или личным в объектном падеже (me, you, him, us, etc.).
Герундий и предшествующее ему существительное или местоимение тесно связаны по смыслу и представляют собой сложный член предложения — сложное подлежащее, дополнение, определение или обстоятельство.
На русский язык герундиальный оборот переводится придаточным предложением (с введением соответствующего союза), в котором существительное или местоимение, стоящее перед герундием, переводится как подлежащее, а герундий как сказуемое.
The policeman’s coming late to the crime scene made the investigation
difficult.
(сложное подлежащее)
То, что полицейский прибыл на место преступления поздно, затруднило
расследование.
They insist on the investigation being carried out once more.
(сложное дополнение)
Они настаивают на том, чтобы расследование было проведено еще раз.
There is no hope of our getting a letter from him soon. (сложное
определение)
Нет надежды, что мы скоро получим от него письмо.
Do you mind me (вместо: my) making a suggestion? (сложное дополнение)
Вы не против, если я внесу предложение?
On the lecturer’s appearing in the hall, there was loud applause.
(сложное обстоятельство)
Когда лектор появился в зале, раздались громкие аплодисменты.
Exercise 1. Найдите в следующих предложениях герундиальный оборот и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The offender’s being arrested at the crime scene came as a result of quick police actions. 2. A serious accident led to the road being closed. 3. I know of his having been appointed to a new job. 4. His stupidity has resulted in us having to do more work. 5. Under established rules, some evidence is inadmissible, especially if there is doubt of its being obtained lawfully. 6. Who is responsible for the criminals not having been arrested yet? 7. Their filing a complaint to the court was quite unexpected. 8. We object to the defense attorney’s calling the extra witness. 9. His being charged with a felony surprised us. 10. The police were informed of the criminals having appeared in the city. 11. Most parents do not approve of their children smoking. 12. We understand your not being able to stay longer.
Exercise 2. Закончите предложения, используя герундиальный оборот.
Model: I hate (you, to be late). → I hate your being late.
(Dr. Brown, to be absent) was very strange. → Dr. Brown’s being absent
was very strange.
1. They insisted on (I, to stay) with them. 2. Do you mind (he, to join) us? 3. I appreciate (you, to encourage) him when he failed in his first exam. 4. Do you know the reason for (he, to feel discouraged)? 5. We are looking forward to (they, to come) next year. 6. He regrets (she, to leave). 7. (He, to plead) not guilty does not mean that he is innocent. 8. An arrest is legal if there is no doubt of (a person, to commit) a crime. 9. (She, to be placed) on bail is explained by the nature of her offence. 10. (My brother, to become) a good investigator resulted from his great experience. 11. I can’t bear (he, to be treated) like this. 12. The manager objects to (Tom, to phone) his friends from the office.
Revision exercise 3
Переведите предложения, содержащие различные формы герундия и герундиальные обороты.
1. A barrister deserves being appointed the High Court judge. 2. The detective’s knowing the identity of the suspect helped him make an arrest. 3. The methods of conducting a trial differ in a common law and civil law systems. 4. I know of his being persecuted for his beliefs. 5. The court suspected of the evidence having been obtained unlawfully. 6. The thieves climbed through the window without being seen. 7. It’s no good arguing. 8. There is no hope of his being acquitted. 9. The police need the public’s help in beating the criminals. 10. Their presenting proper evidence to the court proved the guilt of the defendant. 11. He was charged with not having taken the victim to a hospital after the accident. 12. After being chosen by lot 12 people serve as jurors for the trial. 13. The British Parliament as central government is responsible for deciding national policy. 14. Everybody was surprised at his being charged with a crime. 15. She had the feeling of being deceived. 16. After having been identified the offender was arrested by police.
3.3 ГЕРУНДИЙ или ИНФИНИТИВ?
(The Gerund or the Infinitive?)
I. После ряда глаголов в качестве прямого дополнения может стоять как герундий, так и инфинитив. Важнейшие из них следующие: to begin, to start, to continue, to intend, to hate, to love, to like, to prefer.
He continued reading (or to read) the records of this trial.
Он продолжал читать материалы этого судебного процесса.
They intended speaking (or to speak) to the witness.
Они намеревались поговорить со свидетелем.
II. Употребление инфинитива или герундия после глаголов to stop, to forget, to regret, to remember меняет смысл всего предложения.
После глагола to stop герундий является частью составного глагольного сказуемого и выражает действие, которое уже совершилось, а инфинитив употребляется в функции обстоятельства цели и выражает действие, которое началось.
I stopped talking to him. Я перестал с ним разговаривать.
I stopped to talk to him. Я остановился, чтобы поговорить с ним.
После глаголов to remember, to forget, to regret герундий указывает на совершенность действия, а инфинитив выражает действие, относящееся к будущему.
I remember locking the door. Я помню, что закрыла дверь.
I remember to lock the door. Я помню, что мне надо закрыть дверь.
She completely forgot answering his letter.
Она совсем забыла, что ответила на его письмо.
She completely forgot to answer his letter.
Она совсем забыла ответить на его письмо.
I regret telling her the truth.
Я сожалею, что сказал ей правду.
I regret to tell you that this is the truth.
Мне жаль вам это говорить, но это правда.
Exercise 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на различие в значении герундия и инфинитива.
1. Remember to lend the book to him. 2. I don’t remember lending this book to anyone. 3. He stopped to say “good-bye” to us. 4. Will you stop listening to the radio, please? 5. I regret being unable to help you. 6. I regret to tell you that I failed. 7. He forgot to bring his exercise-book; he left it at home. 8. Where is my dictionary? Have you forgotten borrowing it a fortnight ago? 9. We stopped once to buy petrol and then we stopped again to ask someone the way. 10. Please stop asking silly questions. 11. I hope you won’t regret lending her the books. 12. The results are very disappointing, I regret to say. 13. Did you remember to book seats for the theatre tomorrow? – Yes, I have the tickets here. 14. He remembered crossing the road, but he didn’t remember being knocked down. 15. She often told her little boy, “You must never forget to say please and thank you.” 16. Why are you late again? Have you forgotten promising me that you would never be late again?
Exercise 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя герундий или инфинитив.
1. “You lent me some money a few months ago.” – “Did I? Are you sure? I don’t remember (lend) you any money.” 2. “Did you remember (phone) your sister?” – “Oh no, I completely forgot. I’ll phone her tomorrow.” 3. I’ll never forget (meet) David Beckham. 4. Don’t forget (lock) the door. 5. He regrets (leave) school so early. 6. I regret (inform) you that you haven’t been accepted for the job. 7. Do you remember (visit) Paris? 8. Remember (call) me tonight. 9. She stopped (work) when she was sixty-five. 10. He stopped (fix) the puncture. 11. He forgot (put) out the fire. 12. We’ll never forget (visit) Italy for the first time. 13. When you see your parents, remember (give) them my regards, won’t you? 14. Someone must have taken my bag. I clearly remember (leave) it by the window and now it has gone. 15. I believe that what I said was fair. I don’t regret (say) it. 16. I regret (say) that you have failed the test. 17. I couldn’t stop (think) about what had happened the night before. 18. Sorry I’m a bit late. I had to stop (buy) petrol on the way over here.
Final revision exercise
Переведите предложения, содержащие неличные формы глагола (Participle, Infinitive, Gerund) в разных функциях и в составе разных оборотов.
1. The police devote a great part of work to finding missing and wanted persons. 2. The officer’s being very experienced resulted from his twenty years of police work. 3. To limit teenage drinking, the legal drinking age has been raised to twenty-one in all states. 4. Witnesses and victims being questioned by an officer are likely to re-enact their own actions and those of the criminal. 5. All the evidence having been given, the judge summarizes the case, both law and facts, for the jury. 6. The investigating officer supposed the discovered evidence to be linked with the suspect. 7. Organized crime is known to be making active use of all computer-related facilities. 8. The matter, examined in court, was too difficult for the jury to reach their verdict unanimously. 9. I heard him answering the question on the US Constitution. 10. Being made up by the privileged class the US Constitution of 1787 didn’t contain bourgeois-democratic freedoms. 11. If you need a barrister, you never see him without your solicitor being with him. 12. Having finished his term paper before the deadline, he delivered it to the professor before the class. 13. Did anybody see him open the safe and take the money? 14. The U. S. Courts of Appeals are divided geographically into 11 circuits, each covering at least three states. 15. The Prime Minister was seen to be bombarded with questions. 16. Applicants for government posts are always thoroughly investigated before being appointed. 17. The monarch assents to Bills after they have been passed by both Houses, this assent marking the formal completion of the legislative process. 18. The government is introducing new laws to prevent people from getting away with online crime. 19. The police officer happened to be at the crime scene at the moment of the commission of the offence. 20. Exercising civil jurisdiction Magistrates’ courts deal with domestic proceedings. 21. Having been filled out the forms were handed in to the secretary. 22. Many judges having only two clerks, there are not many positions available.
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